Several of these are edited versions of definitions available via Levenshulme Bee Network.
Active/Low Traffic Neighbourhood
This is simply a neighbourhood where walking and cycling are prioritised over driving. This means people are much more likely not to use a car by default. Although everywhere that was accessible by car still will be.
The idea is to make walking and cycling easier and safer, so that it becomes the natural choice for people to get around their local area.
Using bollards or planters to ‘filter’ traffic on certain routes is one way to do this – for example, allowing cul-de-sac access to some streets for cars but allowing through traffic for people walking and cycling. The idea of ‘filtering’ is to discourage drivers of motor traffic cutting through the area (rat running), while residents would still have access to all homes by car.
This Twitter thread by Jon Little from Bespoke Transport Consulting describes how the Low Traffic Neighbourhood model can help to manage traffic on the surrounding main road network
One of the statutory duties of local authorities under the traffic management act is to manage the network effectively and ensure resilience. This can be done through managing traffic on the main road network and a number of key junctions or gateways into towns or cities.
— Jon Little (@bespokejon) July 16, 2020
Brian Deegan from the Bee Network team made this video, which is another great resource to show why we need LTNs and how to create them:
Traffic Evaporation
Reallocating roadspace from general traffic, to improve conditions for pedestrians or cyclists or buses or on-street light rail or other high-occupancy vehicles, is often predicted to cause major traffic problems on neighbouring streets. This paper reports on two phases of research, resulting in the examination of over 70 case studies of roadspace reallocation from eleven countries, and the collation of opinions from over 200 transport professionals worldwide.
The findings suggest that predictions of traffic problems are often unnecessarily alarmist, and that, given appropriate local circumstances, significant reductions in overall traffic levels can occur, with people making a far wider range of behavioural responses than has traditionally been assumed. Follow-up work has also highlighted the importance of managing how schemes are perceived by the public and reported in the media, with various lessons for avoiding problems.
Finally, the findings highlight that well-designed schemes to reallocate roadspace can often contribute to a multiplicity of different policy aims and objectives.
For a more recent example, this study of the well-publicised prevention of through traffic across Hammersmith Bridge shows that around 9,500 car journeys per day across the Thames have ‘evaporated‘, as people take fewer car journeys and instead make alternative travel choices.
The evidence suggests that drivers begin to find new routes over time, and that navigation is a learning curve.
Modal Filter
This is one of the ways of creating an active/low traffic neighbourhood. Usually it prevents drivers of motor traffic from travelling through a residential street on a journey. You can still access all the addresses on the street, just not travel all the way through it. They are a good way to stop vehicles from rat running through residential areas.
Modal filters are normally created using bollards, plant pots or any other barriers that stop some vehicles but allow pedestrians or cyclists. It might also be a one-way system or a bus gate. Modal Filters will be designed with the emergency services to make sure everything can be accessed.
Rat Running
Rat running is the term used to describe drivers / motor traffic travelling through residential areas on specific routes. These routes known as rat runs often run parallel to main roads or link to main roads through a residential area. Rat runs are problems for people who live on them or nearby.
Parklet
This is where parking spaces are given up in a street for a temporary structure creating an outdoor space. They might be used for gardens, play spaces, spaces to hang out or outdoor living rooms. They are a cost-effective way to bring human interaction and beauty back into the streets.
Bike Hangar
A bike hangar is a six-space secure cycle store installed on residential streets. They take up the space of one car. They are accessed by a key and usually require membership.
Bike Port
A bike port is a structure that can be installed into a street that provides cycle parking for a number of bikes (up to 8). Usually taking up a car park space, it provides an attractive and highly visual place to store bikes.
Sheffield Stand
This is the simplest type of bike stand. It is a simple looped steel pole secured into the ground at either end. People keep trying to come up with new designs, but they are often awkward and difficult to use. Simplest is often best and so the Sheffield stand has become shorthand for a good standard design.